Department of Radiology
Mayo Clinic, Arizona
5777 East Mayo Boulevard
Phoenix, Arizona 85054
A 78–year–old man with a history of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and transcatheter aortic valve replacement on anticoagulation presented to the Emergency Room with a 2-month history of cough and exertional shortness of breath. He denied fever, chills, nausea, and chest pain. The patient had undergone three COVID-19 vaccines, the most recent 3 months earlier. He had noted some recent bruising, but denied any recent trauma.
The patient’s past medical history also included a history of prostate carcinoma 10 years earlier treated with radiation therapy. The patient’s past surgical history was remarkable for remote vasectomy, endoscopic sinus surgery and percutaneous aortic valve replacement. He was a former smoker and reported no allergies or illicit drug use; alcohol use was at most moderate, consisting of an occasional beer. The patient’s medications included a statin, warfarin, and metoprolol.
The patient’s physical examination showed normal vital signs and was remarkable only for some decreased breath sounds over the left lower thorax. The patient was afebrile. Bruising was noted involving the right hand and right abdominal wall, but without limitations in range of motion or associated pain.
A complete blood count showed a hemoglobin and hematocrit value of 7.7 gm/dL (normal, 13.2-16.6 gm/dL) and 23.9% (normal, 38.3–48.6%) and a platelet count of <2 x x109/L (normal, 135-317 x109/L). The white blood cell count was minimally abnormal at 9.7 x109/L (normal, 3.4-9.6 x109/L), with a mild left shift with a neutrophil level of 7.11 x109/L (normal, 1.56-6.45 x109/L). The eosinophil count was normal, but reticulocytes were elevated at 4.06% (normal, 0.60-2.71%). The INR was elevated at 2.3, with a prolonged prothrombin time of 25.8 sec (normal, 9.4-12.5 sec). Fibrinogen was also mildly abnormally elevated. Serum chemistries were largely within normal limits, with a mild elevation in lactate dehydrogenase at 273 U/L (normal, 122–222 U/L). Serum iron values were low at 30 mg/dL (normal, 50-150 mg/dL), with the total iron binding capacity abnormally decreased also. An ECG was unremarkable. A serum NT-Pro BNP value was elevated at 1174 pg/mL (normal, ≤122 pg/mL). Liver and renal function were within normal limits.
Frontal and lateral chest radiography (Figure 1) was performed.
Figure 1. Frontal (A) and lateral (B) chest.
Which of the following represents an appropriate interpretation of the frontal chest and lateral radiograph? (Click on the correct answer to be directed to the second of twelve pages)
- Frontal chest radiography shows a large left pleural effusion
- Frontal chest radiograph shows focal right lung opacity
- Frontal chest radiography shows pleural calcification
- Frontal chest radiography shows right peribronchial lymph node enlargement
- More than one of the above