Correct!
4. Pneumomediastinum
Pnemomediastinum can present with chest pain, dyspnea, abdominal pain and/or dysphagia. Physical findings may include neck pain or swelling, dysphonia, torticollis, or fever.
Air can enter the mediastinum from either the outside (trauma, iatrogenic) or from the inside (lung, head and neck, abdomen, or rarely, gas producing organisms). Air enters the mediastinum from the lung when increased alveolar pressure and/or abnormal lung parenchyma causes alveolar over distention and rupture. Air dissects through the interstitium to the lung roots and enters the mediastinum. Some clinical causes of pneumomediastinum are in table 1.
Infection was considered possible in the context of the present patient. Which of the following infections would be most likely to cause pneumomediastinum in the situation of a bone marrow transplant?