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1. Diffuse microcalcifications

This thoracic CT demonstrates pulmonary microcalcifications with a slight lower lobe predominance. This calcification pattern is frequently likened to the appearance of a “sandstorm.” The calcifications obscure the border of the heart and other mediastinal structures. Subpleural cyst formation (distinct from honeycombing) gives the appearance of a “black pleural line” and can occasionally be mistaken for a pneumothorax (1).

Which of the following diseases is least likely to be associated with pulmonary calcification? (Click on the correct answer to proceed to the next panel)

  1. End-stage renal disease
  2. Eosinophilic pneumonia
  3. Histoplasmosis
  4. Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis
  5. Varicella pneumonia

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