CDC Warns of Increased Ivermectin Overdoses

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is warning of an increase in cases of ivermectin overdose due to people self-prescribing the drug in an effort to prevent or treat COVID-19 (1). Ivermectin is used to treat river blindness and intestinal roundworm infection in humans and to de-worm pets and livestock. 

A study published earlier this year showed that ivermectin killed SARS-CoV-2 in cells in vitro. The authors proposed that the medication be investigated as a cheap and easily available treatment for COVID-19. However, subsequent studies have failed to find any benefit in humans (3).

In a new communication to its Health Alert Network, the CDC says cases of overdose and misuse are rising (1). More than 88,000 prescriptions were written for the drug ivermectin in the week ending August 13, an increase of 2400% over the weekly average prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Ivermectin prescriptions by week (from CDC, reference 1).

Unfortunately, the signs of overdose are nonspecific but can include gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea), hypotension and altered mental status (change in consciousness, confusion, hallucinations, seizures, coma).

The CDC is asking doctors to alert their patients to the risks of ivermectin, particularly ivermectin products intended for veterinary use. Physicians might suspect ivermectin in a patient with unexplained symptoms and are encouraged to contact their local poison control for assistance.

References

1. CDC. Rapid Increase in Ivermectin Prescriptions and Reports of Severe Illness Associated with Use of Products Containing Ivermectin to Prevent or Treat COVID-19. August 26, 2021. Available at: https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2021/han00449.asp (accessed 8/27/21).
2. Caly L, Druce JD, Catton MG, Jans DA, Wagstaff KM. The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Antiviral Res. 2020 Jun;178:104787. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
3. Popp M, Stegemann M, Metzendorf MI, Gould S, Kranke P, Meybohm P, Skoetz N, Weibel S. Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID-19. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jul 28;7:CD015017. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Cite as: Robbins RA. CDC Warns of Increased Ivermectin Overdoses. Southwest J Pulm Crit Care. 2021;23(2):62-3. doi: https://doi.org/10.13175/swjpcc038-21 PDF 

Healthcare Layoffs During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Despite overcrowding of the ICUs with patients infected with coronavirus (COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2), hospitals have halted or downsized other operations. Phoenix-based Banner Health, which is Arizona's largest private employer, will impose "short-term" furloughs and pay cuts for some employees (1). Other major hospitals and hospital systems including the Mayo Clinic Arizona, Dignity Health, Tucson Medical Center and Carondelet have announced similar cost-cutting reductions. Banner Health, which has approximately 43,000 employees in Arizona, is starting the furloughs this week. The nonprofit company anticipates that the measures will affect 5% to 7% of its workforce, or up to 3,000 Arizona employees. The company says the furloughs are temporary and employees will be eligible for unemployment benefits, including an extra $600 per week provided by Arizona via the federal CARES Act. All senior leaders, including senior vice presidents, presidents, vice presidents and CEOs, will take up to a 20% reduction in pay beginning in May, Banner said. The company will pause hiring for most non-clinical, non-revenue-generating positions across the organization. This includes newly created jobs as well as vacant roles in the corporate office and facilities. The company will continue to post and recruit for positions that are essential to meet the needs of COVID-19.

An analysis by the Arizona Hospital and Healthcare Association shows Arizona hospitals are reporting revenue losses of 30% to 40% because of the cancellation of elective procedures and a reduction in emergency department visits. Hospitals had an operating margin, the difference between revenues and expenses, that averaged 2.7% in 2016 (2). The hospital association has asked Arizona’s governor, Doug Ducey, to relax his executive orders on halting elective surgeries and on expanding hospital bed capacity, citing recent modeling projections that indicate Arizona will not be as hard-hit by the disease as previously was predicted.

It is unclear how other healthcare organizations other than hospitals are managing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our small pulmonary practice has been shut down since mid-March although we are doing some telemedicine. Yet compared to the large healthcare systems, we have managed to retain all our employees at a full-time basis as of today. Our group did apply for a small business loan to the Federal government which was denied.

Richard A. Robbins, MD

Editor, SWJPCC

References

1. Innes S. Banner Health, Arizona's largest health system, to implement pay cuts and furloughs. Arizona Republic. April 20, 2020. Available at: https://www.azcentral.com/story/money/business/health/2020/04/20/banner-health-implement-pay-cuts-and-furloughs-arizona-coronavirus-covid-19/5165992002/ (accessed 4/21/20).
2. Moody's Investors Service. Moody's: preliminary FY 2016 US NFP hospital medians edge lower on revenue, expense pressure. Moody's. 16 May 2017. https://www.moodys.com/research/Moodys-Preliminary-FY-2016-US-NFP-hospital-medians-edge-lower--PR_366813 Accessed 4/21/20.

Cite as: Robbins RA. Healthcare layoffs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Southwest J Pulm Crit Care. 2020;20(4):135-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.13175/swjpcc029-20 PDF